Fabrication and characterization of superparamagnetic nickel ferrite ferrofluid

Because of their unique magnetic characteristics, nanoparticles are being used in various applications. We a two-step method to create nickel ferrite ferrofluid this study. The first step included hydrothermal preparation oleic acid-capped nanoparticles, followed by surface functionalization the particles with citric acid, which made hydrophilic. materials' phase purity, functional groups, and behaviour were investigated. production mono-dispersed spherical an average diameter 9 ± 3.6 nm was shown TEM images. With blocking temperature 53 K, ZFC-FC measurements verified sample's superparamagnetic properties. moment per particle size calculated using Langevin function.